Lab+10+-+Plants

=__Lab 10 - Plants__=

__Exercise 1__

PHOTO 1: Set-up for Experiment

PHOTO 2: Celery after the experiment: notice the darkened portions, and light reddish tint

PHOTO 3: Eyeclops closeup, notice whitened portions and reddish taint.

The tint of the celery reached the top and the celery has become more red because the xylem tubes inside the celery move the dye up and down the stalk. As this happens, the tubes absorb the red dye and transfer it through the stalk, causing it to be redder.


 * FUNCTIONS OF A PLANT:** Cite Cite

Stems: Support the plant, allow for food storage, as well as transportation between the roots and the leaves.

Leaves: Help with photosynthesis and respiration. They are where food is made.

Roots: Anchor the plant, soak up minerals and water from the soil in which they are planted; also allow for food storage.

Buds: Protect future flowers and leaves as "casings" before they grow.

Fruits: Helps the plant spread seeds. Also, has an outer coating that protects the seeds.

Flowers: Flowers are the cite where fertilization occurs. The flower itself possesses unites that make fertilization possible (both male and female parts), and then the colorful petals attract pollinators, like bees, to instigate the fertilization process.

Seeds: Seeds are future plants in casings, and by using the elements (wind, water, animals, etc.), seeds become transported to other locations to spread their plant life-genre to that new location.

A. Epidermis B. Collenchyma C. Parenchyma D. Vascular Tissue E. Sclerenchyma
 * PARTS OF THE CELERY:**

CHANGES:

The epidermis of the celery piece was definitely a darker red color than before. The collenchyma of the celery piece was not stained by the red food coloring, but this part of the celery was a little bit darker green than the parenchyma. The parenchyma of the celery piece was not stained by the red food coloring, and appeared to be exactly the same as before. The vascular tissue and the sclerenchyma of the celery piece both appeared to get stained by the red food coloring.


 * OTHER QUESTIONS:**

1. Transpiration draws water through the stem from the root by evaporation through the plant's leaves. Capillary action, on the other hand, involves gravity and friction rapidly decreasing, while surface tension stays large, and as a result the forces from surface tension can overpower the effects of gravity and actually pull water up against gravity. In the plant's case, water the xylum tissue forms small tubes which allow water to climbs up the xylum's tubes and up the rest of the plant. Cite, Cite

2. In a tree the xylem manifests itself as thin rings in the trunk. These rings also determine how old a tree is. Phloem is found throughout the entire plant, delivering sugars for energy to all parts of the tree.

3. Transpiration still happens when trees lose their leaves but it's not the time of greatest transpiration, since transpiration increases with temperature increases. In other words, summer is one of the best times for transpiration.

4. Sap is typically found in the phloem tissue of the tree.

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__Exercise 2:__

1. Diffusion is the process in which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Cite 2. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Cite 3. The main difference between diffusion and osmosis is that osmosis distinctly involves water, while diffusion may involve other molecules. 4. Iodine is called an indicator because it changes color when it is combined with the substance it will indicate, making it useful for showing contrast or also for demonstrating the presence of various substances. Cite 5. Molecules tend to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. 6. Selectively permeable: an object allows only certain molecules to pass through it through diffusion (leaving other molecules out). Cite
 * SECTION A:**

1. The baggie is more concentrated in starch. 2. The beaker is more concentrated in iodine. 3. The iodine solution is hypertonic in the beaker. 4. The starch solution is hypertonic in the baggie. 5. The solution in the beaker is considered hypotonic in relation to the starch.
 * SECTION B:**

1. If the baggie was permeable to starch, the starch would move out of the baggie. 2. If the baggie was permeable to iodine, the iodine would move into the baggie. 3. If the baggie was permeable to iodine, I would expect that the solution in the baggie would turn a dark brown color, and would also expect the solution in the beaker to become a lighter brown color. 4. If the baggie was permeable to starch, I would expect that the solution in the baggie would become much clearer and the solution in the beaker to become much thicker and whiter in tint. 5. My prediction is that the baggie is permeable to iodine so I expect the solution in the baggie to turn a dark brown color and the solution in the beaker to turn a much lighter brown color.
 * SECTION C:**


 * DATA TABLE, SECTION D:**
 * ||||= **Starting Color** ||||= **Color After 15 Minutes** ||
 * **Solution in Beaker** ||||= Watery brown color ||||= Same watery brown color, maybe slightly lighter than before ||
 * **Solution in Baggie** ||||= Milky white color ||||= Same milky white color, but dark purple at the end of the baggie where the starch as congregated ||

PHOTO 1: Beaker before (white starch substance soaking in iodine)

PHOTO 2: Beaker after (with the darkened starch substance at the base)


 * SECTION E: Cite**
 * 1. Based on my observations, the iodine moved from the beaker solution into the baggie. **
 * 2. I determined this because of the dark color in the bottom of the baggie---this shows evidence that the iodine stained the corn starch solution by permeating through the baggie. **
 * 3. The baggie is selectively permeable because it let the iodine into the baggie, but the corn starch solution was not able to go through the baggie into the beaker. **
 * 4. I do not think the bag is permeable to water because neither the baggie's water levels nor the beaker's water levels changed during the exercise. The only substance that moved location during the exercise was the iodine. **
 * 5. There was not a net gain into the bag. After the exercise, the bag's substance measured exactly the same as when it started. Again, the only substance that appeared to move locations between the beaker and bag was the iodine itself. **