Lab+6+-+Forensic+DNA

=__Lab 6 - Forensic DNA__=

__Exercise 1: Scientific Notation__


 * 1. 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 equals 6.0 x 10^24**
 * 2. 34,599,800,000 equals 3.45998 x 10^10**
 * 3. 12.56 equals 1.256 x 10^1**
 * 4. 0.3456789 equals 3.456789 x 10^-1**
 * 5. 0.0000000332 equals 3.32 x 10^-8**
 * 6. 0.000000000000000000000000000000123456789 equals 1.23456789 x 10^-31 **
 * 7. 6 trillion (or 6,000,000,000,000) equals 6 x 10^12 **
 * 8. 3 x 10^5 equals 300,000 **
 * 9. 2.44 x 10^-7 equals 0.000000244 **
 * 10. 6.02 x 10^23 equals 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 **
 * 11. 6.62 x 10^-34 equals 0.000000000000000000000000000000000662 **
 * 12. 1.5 x 10^11 equals 150,000,000,000 **
 * 13. 1.44 x 10 ^-1 equals **** 0.144 **

__ **Exercise 2: DNA Probability vs. Frequency ** __


 * ~ ABO ||
 * =  ||= A ||= B ||= i ||
 * = A ||= AA ||= AB ||= Ai ||
 * = B ||= AB ||= BB ||= Bi ||
 * = i ||= Ai ||= Bi ||= ii ||

__**Genotype Theoretical Probability**__ AA = 1/9 AB = 2/9 BB = 1/9 Ai = 2/9 Bi = 2/9 ii = 1/9

**__Phenotype Theoretical Probability__** ** A = 3/9 or 1/3, 33.3% ** ** B = 3/9 or 1/3, 33.3% ** ** AB = 2/9, 22.2% ** ** O = 1/9, 11.1% **

__ **Ac****tual Phenotype Frequency from: Link** __ A = 25% B = 20% AB = 5% O = 50%



Gauging from the world distribution found here, t **he rarest of the ABO blood alleles is type B, which only accounts for 16% of the world's population. It is most commonly found in Central Asia, with some other areas of Africa also. Blood type A is the next-least-prevalent at 21%, barely found in South and Central America. Type A, though, is very common in much of Europe, specifically the Nordic regions, Australia, and northern North America. The most common is type O, which is found among 63% of the world. Type O is found in extremely high frequencies in South America and parts of North America. **

**I think this distribution is due to the fact that most localities in the world tend to continue reproduction within the same group of ethnicity or population, resulting in particular blood types continuing within the same ethnic groups and not spreading too much. With immigration, though, we may see the blood frequencies altering from the current distribution. **

__Exercise 3: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting__ ** (using bolded Basque data) cite **


 * Paternity Test #1:**
 * 1. Pop 2 is excluded since there is no B in the GYPA stage. **
 * 2. Pop 1 cannot be excluded. **
 * 3. The frequency for the included Pop 1 is ****0.00411097973**
 * (.4691)^2 x 2(.5369 x .4631) x 2(.5243 x .4728) x (.4815)^2 x (.5717)^2 **

1. Pop 1 is excluded since there is no A in the LDLR stage. 2. Pop 2 is included. 3. The frequency for the included Pop 2 is **0.00203748253** (.4691)^2 x (.4631)^2 x 2(.5243 x .4728) x (.4815)^2 x 2(.3285 x .5717)
 * Paternity Test #2:**

**Paternity Test #3:** ** 1. Both Pops are excluded. Pop 1 is excluded in the LDLR stage since there is no A, and Pop 2 is excluded in the HBGG since there is no B. **

**Paternity Test #4:** 1. Pop 2 is excluded since there is no B in the GYPA stage. In addition, the mother is excluded since she does not have an A in the HBGG stage. 2. Pop 1 is still included. 3. The frequency for the included Pop 1 is **0.00419708749** (.4691)^2 x 2(.5369 x .4728) x 2(.5243 x .4728) x (.4815)^2 x (.5717)^2

**Criminal Test #1:** ** 1. The suspect is not excluded as contributing the semen DNA. ** ** 2. The blood on the suspect's jacket is not the victim's. It is the suspect's blood (since it is different from the victim's starting already in the LDLR stage) ** ** 3. The frequency for the suspect's DNA fingerprint is ** **5.72610094 × 10-6** ** 2(.4691 x .5309) x (.4631)^2 x 2(.5243 x .0029) x (.5185)^2 x 2(.3285 x .0998) **

**Criminal Test #2:** 1. Neither of the blood samples came from the suspect (they do not match). 2. The blood on the suspect's jacket came from the victim. 3. The blood at the crime scene came from the victim. 4. ** The frequency for the suspect's DNA fingerprint is ** **5.72610094 × 10-6** ** 2(.4691 x .5309) x (.4631)^2 x 2(.5243 x .0029) x (.5185)^2 x 2(.3285 x .0998) **

** 2(.4691 x .5309) x (.4631)^2 x 2(.5243 x .0029) x (.5185)^2 x 2(.3285 x .0998) **
 * Criminal Test #3:**
 * 1. The suspect is excluded as the contributor of both blood samples. **
 * 2. The blood on the suspect's jacket doesn't belong to the victim. **
 * 3. The blood at the crime scene came from the victim. **
 * 4. ** ** The frequency for the suspect's DNA fingerprint is ** **5.72610094 × 10-6**

1. The suspect is not excluded as the contributor of both blood samples because there is a chance that the blood could be a mix of multiple blood types. 2. The blood on the suspect's jacket came from the victim. 3. The blood at the crime scene did not come from the victim alonethere is a possibility that the blood could be a mix of multiple blood types. 4. The frequency for the suspect's DNA fingerprint is **1.58360602 × 10-8** 2(.4691 x .5309) x (.4631)^2 x (.0029)^2 x (.5185)^2 x 2(.3285 x .0998)
 * Criminal Test #4:**

Probability

2(A x B) x (B)^2 x 2(A x C) x (A)^2 x 2(A x B)

2(.4691 x .5309) x (.4631)^2 x 2(.5243 x .0029) x (.5185)^2 x 2(.3285 x .0998)

Calculation = **5.72610094 × 10-6**

All values, again, were from the Basque data of the citation listed above.